社会变迁中的藏族朝圣——以九寨沟为例

Tibetan Pilgrimage in the Process of Social Change——the Case of Jiuzhaigou

社会文化变迁是人类学的经典主题并与藏人朝圣密切相关。以往学界对藏族朝圣的探讨多集中于宗教信仰与经典教义方面,较少从人类学的田野考察层面讨论社会场景与政治经济条件对朝圣实践的影响。本文拟从历史的结构性进程来揭示朝圣实践的具体运作和复杂与多元性,而不是将朝圣视为自在的、超结构与世俗体系的仪式行为,川西北九寨沟的朝圣习俗在社会政治运动与旅游场景中的变迁即是一例。

The change of social culture is the traditional proposition of anthropology. In the past, the exploration on Tibetan pilgrimage was focused on religious belief and classic doctrine, and less discussed about the influence of social scene and political economic conditions on pilgrimage practice from anthropologic and field investigative perspective. The historical structural process may uncover the detailed operation, complexity and pluralism of pilgrimage, but not see it as unrestrained ritual behaviors which were beyond the structure and worldly system. Pilgrimage custom of Jiuzhaigou in the west of Sichuan was the classical case to demonstrate the change of it in social political campaign and tourist scene.