铸造、献祭与山川:承德须弥福寿之庙金龙传说的人类学分析

Casting,Sacrificing and Mountains:Anthropology Analysis about Gold-Dragon Tale of Chengde Xuni Fushou Temple

有清一代,格鲁派喇嘛的祭司地位深刻影响后人对清代皇权形态的理解,尤其在与元代皇权形态的比较时,便产生了更多的争论。乾隆四十五年,六世班禅前来承德朝觐,乾隆皇帝模仿后藏的扎什伦布寺修建了承德的须弥福寿之庙,围绕这一寺院的妙高庄严殿顶的八条金龙,产生了一个意涵丰富的传说,本文综合运用历史与神话学方法,详细分析了这一传说的内在结构与文化意涵,并以此为基础比较了元清两代的祭司与皇权关系模式的差异。

In Qing dynasty, flamen status of Lama from Ge-luk-ba Order has a deep impact upon our understanding on imperial power pattern of Qing, especially when compared with that of Yuan dynasty, lots of disputes are aroused. In Forty- five year of Qianlong, the sixth Panchen traveled to Chengde for pilgrimage. Emperor Qianlong buih Xuni Fushou Temple imitated Tashilhunpo Monastery of Tsang. Eight Dragons, which were on the roof of Miaogao Zhuangyan Hall circling the temple, made a meaningful tale. The paper carefully analyzed the inner structure and cultural meaning of the tale by comprehensive application of Mythology and History, and compared the differences of relational models between flamen and imperial power in Yuan and Qing dynasty on that base.