野马重返准噶尔盆地:野生动物保护研究——基于人类学的田野调查与思考

Wild-Horses' Returning to Junnggar Basin:Study of Wild animal's Protection——An Anthropological Fieldwork and Reflection

本文以准噶尔盆地濒危物种野马的恢复过程为中心,阐述其从消失到重返故土的艰难历程,以及在恢复过程中与自然环境、野生动物、家畜及其他人类群体的关系。在基于人类学的田野调查与思考后,笔者认为自然科学研究者在可控的人工条件下使野马的成活率达到了世界领先水平,但野马进入荒野后,一切自然条件及人类行为活动都不在他们的掌控之中,因此,野马能否重新回归荒野,取决于能否协调好野马恢复工程背后的各人类群体之间及其与自然的关系。

Focusing on the course of restoration about endangered wild-horses in the Junggar Basin, this essay illustrates the hardships of wild-horses in the process from facing their extinction to returning to their birthplace, and explains in detail of the relationships among wild-horses, wildlife, natural environment, live-stock and human community. Meanwhile, based on an anthropological fieldwork and reflection, the writer proposes that： although natural scientists in China have succeeded in regulating and then greatly promoting the survival ratio of wild-horses, they could not keep regulating and controlling the natural conditions and human activities when wild-horses are reinserted to the wilderness. In consequence, whether wild-horses can go back to wilderness, to their birthplace, depends largely on whether we could harmonize the relationships between human communities and nature in the process of wild-horse restoration.