中古“学人之诗”的类型与诗体革新

On the Types of the “Intellectual Poetry” in the Mid-ancient Period with its Reform in Poetic Forms

中古"学人之诗"有三大类型。一是思考自身命运式的汉末古诗;二是自我理论思辨式的东晋玄言诗;三是展现自己知识式的永明体。"学人之诗"的三大类型都具有引领诗歌发展的意义。"汉末古诗"的不入乐,不受乐府机关管束,整齐的五言,也利于自由地抒情。玄言诗多用雅正的四言,显示出高门士族对文化的垄断。典故的运用,既是"学人"不直述对象的内敛,又是"据事以类义,援古以证今"的张扬,丰富了诗歌的内涵。"声律入诗",使诗的诵读在脱离了音乐性之后有了极致的发挥,"学人之诗"以学人之所长为诗歌制定规则。

There were three great types of “the intellectual poetry”in the mid-ancient period .The first was the ancient poetry of the late Han Dynasty which meditated on their own fate ;the second was the metaphysical poetry of the East Jin Dynasty with their own dialectical theories ;the third was called Yongming style ,which was to present their knowledge .These three types had great signifi-cance in leading the development of the poetry .“The ancient poetry of the late Han Dynasty”was not collected into the Yuefu because it was beyond the control of Yuefu office .In addition ,its regular five-character quatrain was also beneficial to turning loose of emotion .“The metaphysical poetry” was mostly composed with elegant and precise quatrain ,showing that the aristocratic intellectuals had a monopoly in culture .The use of allusions was not only the constraint of those poets who did not di-rectly express emotion ,but also the ostentation to “prove today by alluding to the ancient” ,w hich had enriched the implications of the poetry .“Putting rhythm into verse” had greatly exerted the reci-ting function of the poetry after its departing from music .Thus ,“the intellectual poets” established principles for poetry according to their strengths .