从神人形象补证《山海经》各部分的成书时序

On the Formation and Order of the Book of Mountains and Seas according to the Mythical Figures

《山海经》中神人形象分为3类:人兽组合类、以"虫"为助手类和五官奇特类。人兽组合类神人形象取人和兽的器官组合而成,人兽功能合一;在以"虫"为助手的神人形象中,"虫"充当助手和伙伴的角色,与人的功能互补;五官奇特类神人形象表现为身体某些部位的比例变化、器官数量的增减等奇特形象,是人体器官功能的延伸。人兽组合形象绝大多数在《山经》中,且是该经神人形象的主体部分;以"虫"为助手的神人形象大多出现在《海经》里;《大荒经》所描绘的神人形象多为五官奇特者。后面的与前者相比,是人类思维能力的一次大飞跃,是文化的一次大发展,也是时代进步的标志。据此,我们可以推测三部分的成书顺序是:《山经》—《海经》—《大荒经》。

There are three typesof mythical images in the Book of Mountains and Seas ,namely the combination of half human with half animal ,the figures assisted by bugs and the figures with spe-cial organs .The first type was combined with human’s organs and animals’ organs into one figure ;the second type was assisted by bugs which was mutually functional with human ;the third types were images of special organs with numbers increase and decrease which were the extension of human or-gans .The first types were mainly found in the Book of Mountains ,which were the main part of the Book ;the second types were mainly found in the Book of Seas ;the third types in Book of Wilderness were all figures with special organs .Compared with the formers ,the later was a quantum leap in hu-man thinking ability ,a big development of culture ,and also a symbol of the progress of the times . Therefore ,it can be concluded that the Book’s formation and order could be Book of Mountains , Book ofSeas and Book of Wilderness .