跳远运动员助跑不同阶段的速度变异与上板偏差的关联分析

Correlation Analysis between Speed Variation and Board-Beating Deviation of Long-Jump Athletes at Different Run-Up Stages

采用数字化跑道测试系统,对优秀男子跳远运动员试跳的全程助跑进行实时监测,同时测量其上板误差。依据助跑步频变化特征将其划分为加速、速度保持和上板阶段。从6次测试中取4次上板偏差相对较小的数据计算3个阶段的平均速度。用灰色关联数据分析法计算各阶段的速度变异与上板偏差的关联度。结果显示:运动员助跑各阶段的速度变异与上板偏差的关联系数相近,由高到低依次是上板阶段、速度保持阶段、加速阶段。认为:跳远运动员助跑速度节奏控制是全程性的,强调助跑某一阶段重要性的训练理念可能对运动员产生不利诱导。

The study uses a digital runway testing system to monitor the whole run-up of elite male long-jump athletes and test the board-beating deviations. The whole process is divided into 3 stages： acceleration stage, speed-retaining stage and board-beating preparation stage. Grey Correlation Analysis is used to calculate the correlation between speed variation and board-beating deviation during each stage. The results show that there is a close correlation coefficient between the two, with the order of board-beating preparation stage, speed-retaining stage and acceleration stage from high to low. Thus the conclusion is drawn that the rhythm control of long-jump athletes should be kept through the whole run-up process while the training concept of focusing on one or two stage may mislead the athletes.