当前国外政治地理学边境安全研究进展

Progress of Foreign Political Geography in Border Security Studies

如何在边境地区最大限度地实现人流、物流和资金流等自由、快速的有效流动,从而促进国家经济快速发展的同时,防止国际犯罪集团、恐怖主义、非法移民、毒品和大量破坏性武器通过边境地区进入本国,以保证边境和国家的安全,已经成为各国对边境安全研究的核心。当前围绕这一主题国外政治地理学对边境安全的研究主要集中在:对边境安全研究的基本理论探讨、自由贸易与边境安全、恐怖主义与边境安全和先进技术应用与边境安全等4个方面。文章在梳理这4个专题已有研究的基础上,总结了今后边境安全需要进一步深入探讨的基本问题:1)边境安全的理论与实践之间的不一致性;2)高新技术在边境安全管理中的应用;3)边境安全管理中的双边合作;4)边境安全预警体系构建。最后,提出了国外边境安全研究对中国边境安全的一些启示。

Currently border security has always been a focused issue for both academic circle and public. Since the ＂9.11＂ incident, many countries have attached great attention to terrorism and international crimes. While the border is considered to be an important channel for transnational crimes, border security problems have widely aroused the interest from foreign political geographers. This paper scrutinizes the conceptual distinctions between boundary study and border study, and evaluates the research process. The paper also provides an analytical framework to explore China＇s border security research, which consists of four points： basic border theory, cross-border trade and border security, terrorism and border security, and the application of advanced technologies and border security. The authors find that the major issues in the existing research productions contains four aspects： 1） the gap between the theory and practice of border security has widened; 2） the application of advanced technologies is limited; 3） the bilateral cooperation in the management of border security is weak and needs to be strengthened; 4） the building of forewarning index system for border security is worthy to be discussed. Based on a detailed analysis of the theoretical and empirical literatures, and combined with the complicated geopolitical environment and research status in China, some inspirations in the following perspectives can be obtained： Firstly, according to the reality, we should build a theoretical framework and research system which can be appied to Chinese border security study. Secondly, in the light of complicated geopolitical environment in China＇s neighboring countries, such as military conflicts, the three forces （namely terrorism, separatism and extremism） are active again, the problems about ethnic and religious tensions, and drug production and trafficking are severe. As those international hot issues have become more concentrated in the border, we should further build Chinese border classification system, and clarify the category of border, highlight the research topics and core of different border types. Thirdly, we propose that the government should formulate a perfect border management law and relative regulations in connection with the lapse and imperfectness of the border security laws. Furthermore, we advocate to establish a specialized management department for border management and maintain security which is under the National Security Council.