新中国公民教育价值取向的嬗变

Evolution of Value Orientation about PRC Civil Education

公民教育的价值取向主要是义务论、权利论和道德论以及三者之间的此消彼长与相互调和。新中国成立以来,公民教育命运多舛,相伴随的是价值取向的多番变迁。实然意义上,公民教育价值取向先后经历了"政治—义务"本位(1949-1978年)、"义务—道德"本位(1979-1989年)、"义务—道德—功利"本位(1990—2000年)以及"义务—道德—权利"本位(2001年至今)四个阶段,其变迁过程有着深刻的时代烙印。我国公民教育所追求的目标应是在注重"义务—道德"取向的同时,发展公民"权利"观念,从而达到"义务—道德—权利"取向的相互统一和地位平等。

The value orientation of civil education is mainly about theories of obligation, rights and morality, as well as their shift and mutual fusion. Since the foundation of PRC, civil education has been ill-fated with the value orientation undergoing a lot of changes. In fact, the value ＂polities-obligation＂ standard （1949-1978）, orientation of civil education has undergone fou-stage changes, which are ＂right-morality＂ standard （1990-2000）, ＂obligation-morality-utility＂ standard （1990-2000） and ＂obligation-morality-right＂ standard （2001 to now）. Every change is marked with the profound characteristics of the times. What civil education should pursue is to develop citizens＇ concept of ＂rights＂ while focusing on the ＂obligation-morality＂ orientation, so that we can achieve the unity and equality of ＂obligation-morality-right＂ orientation.