“灭非灵”对外来鱼类尼罗罗非鱼的毒杀效果

Poison effect of “Mie fei ling”on the alien Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是全球性的外来入侵鱼类之一,已经入侵到全世界多个自然水域,严重威胁着土著鱼类的生存和水生态系统的结构与功能。为了有效控制自然水域中尼罗罗非鱼的数量,本实验室筛选出一种对尼罗罗非鱼具有特异性杀灭作用的有机磷类药物"灭非灵",用于野外逃逸尼罗罗非鱼的应急防治。本文通过急性毒性试验方式,验证"灭非灵"对尼罗罗非鱼和多种常见鱼类的毒杀效果,并测定了"灭非灵"对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼(体长4.0±0.23 cm,体重2.5±0.44 g)的24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度和其在环境中的安全浓度。结果表明:"灭非灵"对尼罗罗非鱼的毒杀效果非常显著(P<0.01),暴露在0.10、0.17和0.20 mg·L-1药液中的尼罗罗非鱼在96 h内全部死亡,而草鱼,鲮,鲫,斑马鱼、唐鱼和泥鳅均能正常生长;"灭非灵"对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度分别为0.167、0.077、0.057和0.043 mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.0043 mg·L-1。结果证明,"灭非灵"对尼罗罗非鱼的应急防治有积极的效果,可应用于小水域内入侵尼罗罗非鱼的特异性灭除。

Nile tilapia （Oreochromis niloticus） has successfully invaded many areas of the world, threatening the survival of native fish and the structure and function of the water ecosystem. In order to control the population of the Nile tilapia in wild conditions, an organophosphate drug called ＂Mie fei ling＂ was screened out for the specific toxicity on Nile tilapia. In this study, the effect of ＂Mie fei ling＂ on Nile tilapia and other common fish was verified through the acute toxicity test. Meanwhile, the median lethal concentrations of ＂Mie fei ling＂ to the Nile tilapia （ length, 4.0±0.3 cm; wet weight, 2.5±0.4 g） at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were determined by the method of semi-static test, and the safe concentration in the environment was also estimated. The result showed that ＂Mie fei ling＂ had significant effects on poisoning the Nile tilapia （P〈0.01）. The Nile tilapia exposed to ＂Mie fei ling＂ 0.10, 0.17 and 0.20 mg · L-1 for 96 h all died, while the other species including the grass carp （Ctenopharyngodon idellus ）, mud carp （Carrhina molitorella）, crucian carp （Carassius auratus）, loach （Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）, zebrafish （Danio rerio）, and the White Cloud Mountain minnow （Tanichthys albonubes） swam normally with no symptoms of toxicity. The 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 values of Nile tilapia were 0. 167, 0. 077, 0. 057 and 0. 043 mg · L-1 respectively and the safe concentration was 0. 0043 mg · L-1. These results suggested that ＂ Mie fei ling＂ could be used to specifically control the wild Nile tilapia population in small water bodies.