对全国第二次土壤普查中土类、亚类划分及其调查制图的辨析

Analysis of Classification and Mapping for Great Group, Subgroup in Second National Soil Survey

按照中国发生分类对新采集的68个北京市山区的土壤剖面进行了分类命名,并与剖面点所在土壤普查图上的分类名称进行比较,结果是只有18个剖面的分类名称一致。造成分类名称不一致的原因:1发生分类以区域典型土壤剖面分类命名,而区域内很多土壤不同于典型土壤剖面;2发生分类往往以现代生物气候带为主要分类标准命名区域土壤,而不是根据土壤性质;3分类不一致的最大原因可能是制图精度不够。研究认为,土壤分类必须依据土壤性质本身,而不是土壤形成因素;采取野外单土壤性质调查制图,室内叠加单土壤性质图形成多属性图斑,根据分类系统对它们进行综合分类,以提高分类制图精度。

68 soil profiles were classified according to China genetic soil classification system in the Beijing mountain area, the great group and subgroup names were compared with the name of map delineations in Second National Soil Survey map. Only 18 of them had the same classification names. The reasons of that soil mapping unit names were different from the classification names given by us were： firstly it was that soil scientists named a map delineation according to a soil profile model, not according to the dominant soils; secondly it was that soil scientists classifying soil according to current climatic and vegetation condition not according to soil properties in China genetic soil classification system; thirdly it was that the mapping precision is low. We suggested that soil classification must take soil properties as classification criteria not the soil forming factors; it might get higher precision soil map that mapping single soil properties in the field, overlaying those single soil property maps and classifying the map delineations that have many soil attributes.