春节烟花爆竹燃放期间苏州市区PM_(2.5)组分特征分析

The Analysis of Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Components during Set-Off Fireworks Period of Spring Festival in Suzhou City

为了解春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对苏州市空气质量的影响,在苏州市南门监测点利用在线监测仪器(包括颗粒物分析仪、在线离子色谱、OC/EC分析仪和重金属分析仪)对环境空气中的PM2.5浓度水平、颗粒物水溶性离子、有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和重金属浓度进行连续观测。通过比较烟花爆竹燃放时段和正常时段的PM2.5浓度水平和化学组成,分析并探讨烟花爆竹燃放对PM2.5浓度水平及其组分特征的影响。研究结果表明,大量烟花爆竹的集中燃放造成了PM2.5短时严重污染,最高质量浓度达到了571μg/m3,但随烟花爆竹燃放的减少,PM2.5浓度迅速降低。在烟花爆竹燃放高峰时段,SO42-、Cl-、K+、Mg2+和OC出现了明显的浓度峰值,SO42-质量浓度达到了93.2μg/m3,Cl-质量浓度达到了42.3μg/m3,K+质量浓度达到了115.6μg/m3,OC质量浓度达到了53.8μg/m3。另外,重金属浓度也出现了明显的峰值,Fe质量浓度达到了2.426μg/m3,Cu质量浓度达到了0.727μg/m3,Zn质量浓度达到了1.159μg/m3,Ba质量浓度达到了5.168μg/m3,Pb质量浓度达到了1.245μg/m3。烟花爆竹的燃放造成苏州市区环境空气中有毒有害物质的短期急剧上升,有必要限制烟花爆竹的燃放。

To understand the influence of setting off firework on air quality in Suzhou city during the periods of Spring Festival, ambient concentrations of PM2.5 , water-soluble ions, EC/OC, and heavy metals were online measured at Nanmen site. By comparing the ambient levels and chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the periods with setting off fireworks and normal periods, the impact of setting off fireworks on air quality were investigated. Results showed that setting off fireworks resulted in the increase of PM2.5 concentrations, with the maximum value of 571 μg/m3 . However, as the reduction of fireworks set off, PM2.5 concentration decreased significantly. During the periods with high density of fireworks set off, the peak values of SO4 2-, Cl-, K＋, Mg2＋ and OC were appeared. SO4 2- concentration reached 93.2 μg/m3 , Cl- reached 42.3 μg/m3 , K＋ reached 115.6μg/m3 , and OC reached 53.8 μg/m3 , respectively. In addition, peak values of heavy metals also appeared during this period. Fe concentration reached 2.426 μg/m3 , Cu reached 0.727 μg/m3 , Zn reached 1.159 μg/m3 , Ba reached 5.168 μg/m3 , and Pb reached 1.245 μg/m3 . The density set off fireworks caused the dramatically increase of toxic and harmful material levels. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict fireworks set off during Spring Festival periods.