元代纺织品中龙纹的形象特征

Image Features of Dragon Patterns on the Textiles of Yuan Dynasty

龙纹是元代纺织品中的重要装饰纹样之一,相关文献记载五爪龙专属于皇帝,使得龙纹成为皇权的象征。通过收集与调查元代纺织品中出现的龙纹,归纳了元代纺织品中龙纹样的造型特征,并根据纺织品中龙纹的姿态特征,将其分为升龙、降龙、行龙三种姿态。此外,还分析了元代龙纹在龙头、龙颈、龙身和龙爪方面的造型特点和组合形式,龙纹形象具有上吻偏长,龙脖细小的局部造型特征。在纺织品中的龙纹除了单龙形象外,还有双龙组合、多龙组合及龙凤组合等形式;单龙及双龙戏珠、对龙与对凤组合是元代纺织品中龙纹常见装饰题材,而龙凤组合形象相对出现较少。

Dragon pattern is a very significant decorative pattern in textiles of Yuan dynasty.According to the records,Dragon with five claws pattern belongs to the Emperor.Thus,the dragon pattern has become a symbol of imperial power.Through collecting and surveying dragon pattern in textiles in Yuan dynasty,this paper concludes modeling features of dragon pattern in textiles in Yuan dynasty and divide dragon pattern into three postures according to posture features of dragon pattern in the textiles：rising dragon,descending dragon and traveling dragon.Besides,this paper also analyzes modeling features and combination forms of dragon pattern in the head,neck,body and claw.The dragon pattern has a long beak and slender neck.Apart from single dragon image in the textiles,there are also double-dragon,muhi-dragon,phoenix and dragon combination forms.Single dragon,double-dragon playing fire pearl,double-dragon and double-phoenix combination forms are common decoration themes.Phoenix and dragon combination is rarely seen.