国土资源的两重性与集成化开发对策

The Duality of Land Resources and Its Integrated Development Countermeasures

国土资源经济学中的任何命题都处在多层次和多方面的相互关系中,对立各方要以另一方为自己存在的条件。在前商品社会中,人们通过具体劳动从自然资源中获得自用的物质资料只有使用价值而没有交换价值。但是在商品社会中,矿产品大多不为自用,而是按其社会必要劳动时间决定的价值与其它产品交换,于是土地产品和土地本身就需要按使用价值和社会价值的两重性来定义。由资本化超额利润决定的净现值或净价值既然与社会财富的增长无关,就只是因丰度较好的资源被私营开发者垄断而占有的社会财富的份额,所以它曾经被马克思称作虚假的社会价值。处在多层次对立统一中的国土资源开发者不可能采用"单打一"的举措取得成效,必须把经过筛选的举措提升为集成化的对策。

Any proposition concerning land and resources economics is in the multi-level and various relationships. Opposition parties need the other party as their existing conditions. In the former commodity society, human being obtained material for private use from natural resources through manual labor. These materials only have value in use, with no exchange value. However, in the commercial society, most of mineral products are not used for ourselves. Rather, we can exchange these mineral products with other products according to their value which is determined by socially necessary labor time. Therefore, giving a deifnition of land and its products need to be in line with the duality of value in use and social value. Now that net present value which is decided by the capitalization excess proifts has nothing to do with the growth of social wealth, it is just the share of social wealth occupied by the private developers, because the abundance resources are monopolized by the private developers. So it was called false social value by Marx. This paper ifnally argues that if the developers of land and resources who are in multi-level unity of opposites want to achieve results, the move of concentration on one thing only is unlikely. So, the selected measures must be promoted to integrated countermeasures.