美国中学阶段特殊儿童转衔教育及其借鉴

Transition Education for Middle School Special Children in the United States

转衔教育是美国个别教育计划的组成部分。它通过个别转衔计划来实施。对特殊儿童向成年转衔的个别转衔计划的主要包括就业、教育、居所和休闲娱乐四个方面。它实质上是为实现特殊儿童“正常化”的有意义、有质量的成年生活而提供的一种预防性教育支持,蕴含着对特殊儿童平等参与社会、融入社会,做社会“正常”成员的全纳教育价值理念。对我国构建特殊儿童转衔教育政策与制度、促进特殊教育立法、完善特殊教育课程与教学改革、构建超越于学校的和谐社会大特殊教育观具有重要启示。

As a part of Individualized Education Plan in the United States, transition education is executed through transition education plan. This transitional plan for special students from childhood to adult life includes four parts： employment, education, residence and entertainment. As a matter of fact, it provides a prevention education as to support the realization of normalization of disabled children and to ensure them a meaningful and high-quality adulthood. And by achieving such goals, values like equali- ty, socialization, and inclusion are represented. All these have important enlightenment for us to establish special children transition education policies and systems, promote legislation of special education, reform special education curriculum and teaching, buiht up generalized special education based on harmonious society beyond schools＇ view.