沈阳辉山明渠中上游污染水质评价及整治对策

Evaluation and countermeasures to be taken to treat the polluted water of the middle and upper reaches of Shenyang Huishan Channel

采用单因子水质标识指数和综合水质标识指数评价法,对城乡结合区域的辉山明渠中上游渠段的11个采样断面水质监测数据进行了评价,分析了水质污染的主要原因,探讨了其整治对策。结果表明:CODMn、CODCr、BOD5、NH+4-N、TP、TN这6类指标均为重度污染,其中1-3断面污染最严重;溶解性有机物和营养性物质氮是辉山明渠中上游主要污染物;除1-1断面外,其余10个采样断面的综合水质级别均为劣Ⅴ类,且8个采样断面水体已黑臭;点源和面源等复合污染源使辉山明渠中上游水质污染严重,这是城乡结合区域河流水质污染的主要特点。最后探讨了改善流域环境质量、实现农业流域和景观流域完美结合的整治对策。

This paper is engaged in a study of the water quality of the Huishan open channel in an urban-rural boundary area, Shenyang. In this paper, we have used two methods for the above said evaluation： the single factor water quality identification index method, and the comprehensive water quality identification index method. For the research purpose, we have collected the sampling data from the eleven cross-sections in the middle to upper reaches of the channel. Analyzing the main causes of the water pollution, we have made a discussion of the feasible treatment measures as well as measured six evaluation indexes, i.e. the permanganate index （CODM,） ; the chemical oxygen demand （CODcr）; the five-days＇ oxygen demand （BOD5）, the ammonia （NH4＋-N）, the total phosphorus （TP） and total nitrogen （TN） content. The results of our investigation show that the six evaluation indexes for the water in the area under study turn to be seriously polluted. Of all the eleven samples, the sections from 1 to 3 have been found most seriously polluted, with the main pollutants in the middle and upper reaches of Huishan open channel are soluble organic matter and nitrogen nutritional matters. As a result of comprehensive water quality assessment, the water quality of the ten samplings turns to be worse than Class Ⅴ, except for the section 1 - 1, which belongs to Class Ⅳ. In addition, the water body of the eight sampling areas under study has already become darkened in color with strong smells emitted. It shows that the natural environment of this channel has been totally destroyed. What makes the water in the middie and upper segments of the channel seriously polluted is the compound pollution source, including the point sources and non-point sources. All the above description can be characterized by the dominant features of the water pollution in the urban-rural boundary areas. In conclusion, we have also put forward available countermeasures in hoping to improve the environment quality of the water basin, including both the farming river basin and that of the landscape river.