中国1987—2006年母婴安全相关残疾分析

Prevalence of disabilities related to maternal and child safety in China,1987-2006

目的 了解中国0-6岁儿童与母婴安全相关的残疾现患率及不同年份的残疾变化情况。方法 利用1987年第一次和2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据,以0-6岁儿童为研究对象,利用SPSS 16.0软件分析不同特征儿童与母婴安全相关残疾的分布,比较1987—2006年母婴安全相关残疾变化趋势。结果 2006年与母婴安全相关残疾现患率为7.86‰,高于1987年的7.16‰;1987年男童残疾现患率为7.48‰,女童为6.66‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.295,P=0.022）;2006年男童残疾现患率为8.55‰,女童为7.04‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.835,P〈0.001）;1987年农村地区儿童残疾现患率为7.62‰,城镇为5.65‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=21.886,P〈0.001）;2006年农村地区为8.55‰,城镇地区为6.00‰,差异有统计学意义（χ2=31.298,P〈0.001）。结论 中国与母婴安全相关的残疾情况较为严重,20年间中国母婴保健不良的结局正在经历“从死亡向带残生存”的模式转变。

Objective To examine the changes in the prevalence rate, types and distribution of disability related to maternal and child safety among 0 - 6 years old population from 1987 to 2006 in China. Methods Quantitative analyses were carried out based on the data from the two waves of National Sample Survey on Disability in 1987 and 2006 with SPSS 16. 0 statistical software. The total number of eligible subjects was 206 160 in 1987 and 191 993 in 2006,respec- tively. Results The prevalence rate of disability related to maternal and child safety in 2006 was 7.86%0, higher than that in 1987 （7.16%o）, and the prevalence rates in the boys were significantly higher than those in the girls both in 1987 （ 7.48%0 vs. 6. 66%0 ,X^2 = 5.295 ; P = 0. 022 ） and in 2006 （ 8.55%0 vs. 7. 04%0 ,X^2 = 13. 835 ; P 〈 0. 001 ）. The prevalence rate among the children in rural areas in 1987 was 7.62%o,and that in urban areas was 5.65%o,with a significant difference（x^2 =21. 886,P 〈0. 001 ） ,and the prevalence rate in rural areas was also significantly higher than that in the urban areas in 2006 （8.55%0 vs. 6. 00%o,X^2 = 31. 298 ; P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion The disabilities related to maternal and child safety becomes a serious health problem and the adverse outcome of the disabilities is under the transition from mortality to living with disability during the 20 years in China.