浙江中部古村落传统民居的气候适应性研究

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE STRATEGY OF A VERNACULAR VILLAGE IN MIDDLE REGION OF ZHEJIANG PROVINCE

以我国浙江中部地区的古村落——新叶村为研究对象,通过实地考察,从村落的选址、建筑朝向与间距、室内空间布置、开口设计以及建筑材料与构造等方面对该古村传统民居的气候适应性特征进行定性分析,并以村内典型传统民居建筑为实测对象,对其夏季室内外空气温湿度、墙体表面温度、地面温度以及风速与风向进行现场定量测试。研究结果表明:新叶村的选址、建筑朝向、室内空间布局及开口设计具有良好的气候适应性,充分利用了当地的山谷风,形成良好的自然通风效果;当地传统民居采用的轻质双层围护结构具有较好的隔热效果,在"热缓冲空间"、"过渡空间"、架空通风地板以及绿化与水体的共同作用下,可营造良好的室内外热环境。

Taking a vernacular village in the middle region of Zhejiang province as object, the qualitative analysis of the passive environment control system of vernacular residential architecture of Xinye village was conducted. The location of the village, the orientation of the building, the distance between buildings, internal arrangement of spaces, the design of openings, the use of locally available materials and special methods of construction were analyzed. A quantitative analysis was also carried out based on field experiments by recording the air temperature, the relative humidity, the wall surface temperature, the ground surface temperature, and the wind speed and direction. The results showed that the location of Xinye village, the orientation of buildings, internal arrangement of spaces and the design of openings adapt well to the local environment, make full use of the valley wind and form a good natural ventilation effect. The doable skin and light envelope of the traditional building have good insulation effect, the use of thermal buffer space, transitional space combining with vegetation and water have together created the comfortable indoor and outdoor thermal environment.