论汉末魏初人物评价标准的新变——以荐举文为中心

The Probe into the New Change of the Assessment in the Transition between the Han and Wei Dynasties——Recommendation Letters are Centered

汉末魏初,荐举文书中的人物评价标准经过西汉对士人忠与谋的重视,东汉对士人自身秉性的认可而发展成为对士人清名的推崇。"清"成为汉魏易代之际士林人物品评的核心关键词。这种集中体现其时士人理想人格之"清"在承袭士人清白品性的传统意义之外,更增添了士人在乱世中激浊、厉俗的新内涵。汉末魏初士人思想的更新是"清"评形成的基础,而统治者对德高望重且清虚自守的士人的需求与召唤又加速了"清"评的形成。

The assessment standard was changed from loyalty, strategy in the Xihan Dynasty, natural dis-position in the Donghan Dynasty to the fame of“Qing”. “Qing” became the keywords of the comments on figures in the transition between the Han and Wei Dynasties. The word “Qing” not only inherited the meaning of the quality of innocence, but increased the new intension of changing bad customs in the soci-ety. The renewal of the scholars’ minds was the base of the form of“Qing”, and the governors’ demands accelerated the formation of the assessment of “Qing”.