对北京市外来务工人员健康状况和就医行为的调查研究

Study on the Health Status and Health-seeking Behavior among Migrant Workers in Beijing

目的对北京市外来务工人员的健康状况和就医行为进行调查。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法选取北京市外来务工人员比较集中的7个区县作为调查地点,调查外来务工人员家庭431户,共1 045人,其中有效问卷1 002份,有效回收率为95.9%。结果外来务工人员日工作时间长、自评健康状况较好;医疗保障水平低、参保意愿强烈;社会支持网络局限,经济拮据是困扰家庭就医的主要问题;日常患病就诊单位以区县级及以下医院为主;医疗服务利用不足,呈"三低两高"。结论医疗保障和家庭资源匮乏抑制了外来务工人员对医疗服务的利用;应逐步完善社会保障制度,提高社区卫生服务的能力,以满足外来务工人员的基本医疗需求。

Objectives To investigate the health status and health-seeking behavior among migrant workers in Bei-jing. Methods The multistage stratified sampling was used to recruit 431 households with 1 045 migrant workers. There were 1 002 valid questionnaires （95.9%）.Results The working hours per day of the migrant workers were long. The self-rated health status of the respondents was very good. Limited social support networks,the low-in-come and the low insurance coverage were significance obstacles to their utilization of health services. The preferable medical institutions were village health clinics or community health service stations. Their utilization of health serv-ices was inadequate.Conclusions The utilization of health services for migrant workers was restrained by health in-surance and family resource. Health insurance system should be established for migrant workers,and service ability of the primary health service system should be improved to meet the demand of basic health service for migrant workers.