不同干预模式对糖尿病患者知信行影响的评价

Evaluation of KAP Effects among Diabetic Patients by Different Intervention Models

目的评价开展患者自我管理活动和一般健康教育对糖尿病患者知信行的影响。方法按照以社区为基础的随机对照试验研究设计,将210名自愿参加项目的糖尿病患者随机分为自我管理组(n=106)和健康教育组(n=104),基线时和干预后开展问卷调查,对知信行指标得分进行组内和组间比较。结果 110项指标中,自我管理组干预后9项指标(糖尿病知识知晓情况、饮食管理、运动管理、血糖监测、足部护理和血糖异常处理自我效能、生活方式干预、血糖监测和足部护理行为)得分较干预前提高(P<0.05);健康教育组干预后5项指标(糖尿病知识知晓情况、饮食管理、足部护理和血糖异常处理自我效能、生活方式干预行为)得分较干预前提高(P<0.05);22组患者相比,自我管理组5项指标(糖尿病知识知晓情况、饮食管理、血糖监测和足部护理自我效能,足部护理行为)得分的改善程度较大(P<0.05)。结论 2种干预模式对糖尿病控制都有积极的影响,患者自我管理组的糖尿病知识知晓情况、部分自我效能和部分自我管理行为改善效果优于健康教育组。

Objectives To evaluate the KAP effects among diabetic patients by different intervention models. Methods A community-based random controlled trial was conducted among 210 volunteer diabetic patients who were divided into self-management group （n = 106 ）and health education group （n = 104 ）.Results ① Nine （the knowledge about diabetes;the self-efficacy about diet management,exercise management,blood-sugar monitoring, foot care and blood-sugar exception handling;the behavior about lifestyle intervention,blood-sugar monitoring and foot care）of the ten indicator scores were significantly improved compared to those before intervention for self-man-agement group（P 〈0.05）.Five indicator （the knowledge about diabetes;the self-efficacy about diet management, foot care and blood-sugar exception handling;the behavior about lifestyle intervention）scores were significantly higher than those before intervention for health education group（P 〈0.05）.②For the comparison of two groups, the score changes of five indicators （the knowledge about diabetes;the self-efficacy about diet management,blood-sugar monitoring and foot care;the behavior about foot care）for self-management group were more than those for health education group（P 〈0.05）.Conclusions Both of two intervention models were helpful to control diabetes. The effects of the self-management group were better than that of the health education group in knowledge of diabe-tes,part of self-efficacy and parts of self-management behaviors.