从“医”的字形演变谈巫医与针砭术的发源

Discussion on the Origin of Witch Medicine and Zhenbian Technique from the Character Pattern Evolution of “医”

"医"的一系列字形演变,揭示了医学发源于针砭等外治之法。"医"之初文"殷""尹""伊"原有针刺之意,揭示了医学最早的医疗手段,即针砭之术的起源;"医""殹"与后起字"醫""毉"的演变过程,揭示了医学由最初的针砭技术发展为汤液药酒等内治之法,"医"出现于甲骨文中,指盛弓矢器,"殹"的含义与箭矢锐形器有着密切的关联,"殹"的构件"殳"与"殷"的构件"殳"有着同样含义,都与针刺有关,醫与酒有关,指具有巫医身份的医工,借助酒的作用行使巫祝一类的巫术以治疗疾病,毉与巫有关,阐释了医起源于巫的内涵。山东出土的扁鹊针刺汉画像石证实了针砭之术是医学发源时期的重要技术手段,最初发源于以山东地区为主的东夷地区,与巫医文化有密切关系。

The character pattern evolution of“医”reveals the external application of medical tech-niques originating from Zhenbian（acupuncture）.“殷”“尹”“伊”are the early character of“医”,meaning ac-upuncture,displays the earliest medical means,the origin of Zhenbian technique.The evolution from“医”“殹”to“醫”“毉”indicates the development from the early Zhenbian technique to the internal application of herbal decoction or wine.In oracle bone inscription,“医”means bow and arrow.The meaning of“殹”is close-ly related to sharp arrow.“殳”in the composition of“殹”has the same meaning of that in“殷”,all of them have the connection with acupuncture.“医”is related to alcohol,meaning the medical professional of witch medicine uses the function of alcohol in witchcraft to treat diseases.“医”is connected with witch,explaining the medicine is originated from the connotation of witch.The unearthed stone portrait of Bianque acupuncture of the Han Dynasty in Shandong province proves that Zhenbian technique is an important skill in the develop-ment of medicine.It originated from the Dongyi area in Shandong province and is closely related to the culture of witch medicine.