长颈鹿饲养管理和日粮养分估算

Feeding and Management of Giraffe and Estimation of Nutrients in the Daily Ration

介绍了长颈鹿的一些生物学特征:分类、生理特性、天敌和食性。根据太原动物园多年饲养经验,长颈鹿日粮包含精料、蔬菜、水果、树叶、稀饭、补充营养等。估算了长颈鹿精料(颗粒料)营养成分和所有日粮营养成分。长颈鹿所有日粮养分含量估算结果如下:能量3.20MJ/kg,粗蛋白质13.69%,粗脂肪3.83%,粗纤维8.95%,碳水化合物34.31%,灰分4.31%,钙1.53%,总磷0.12%。提出了饲养管理中的一些建议:日常饲喂中要禁止饲喂发霉变质饲料,要留意拣出草料中的绳索、塑料袋、金属等异物,防止对动物造成不必要的损伤。根据季节、气候调整日粮,西瓜、黄瓜、绿豆只在夏季提供。长颈鹿属反刍动物,日常饲喂要以树叶为主,槐树叶营养丰富,是优良的长颈鹿饲料。大葱可能对长颈鹿有特殊作用。

We discuss biological characteristics of giraffes,including classification,physiological characters,natural predators,and feeding habits.Based on many years of experience with giraffesat Taiyuan Zoo.the daily feeding ration contains concentrate feed.vegetables,fruits,leaves,porridge and additional nutrition.We estimated the nutrients of the concentrate feeds（pellets）and the nutrients of all other feeds as：energy 3.20MJ/kg,crude protein 13.69%,crude fat3.83%,crude fiber 8.95%,carbohydrate 34.31%,ash 4.31%,Ca 1.53%.P 0.12%.We recommend：（i） daily feeding should not include moldy feed;（ii） non-food items including rope,plastic bags,and metal should be removed from feed;（iii） unnecessary injuries to giraffes should be avoided.The diet should be adjusted according to season and climate by providing watermelon.cucumber and mung bean only during summer.Giraffe is a ruminant,so the main feed must be leaves.Pagoda leaves are rich in nutrition and would be an excellent giraffe feed.Green onions might also be important to giraffe nutrition.