宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性研究

Bird Biodiversity in Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve

2010年3月-2013年11月,结合全国第二次湿地资源调查和全球环境基金旱地生态保护与恢复项目,采用固定半径样点法和样线法对哈巴湖国家级自然保护区鸟类资源进行了野外调查。共调查记录鸟类14目28科79种,其中,留鸟26种,占该地区鸟类总数的32.91%;夏候鸟30种,占37.97%;旅鸟22种,占27.85%;冬候鸟1种,占1.27%。繁殖鸟（包括夏候鸟和留鸟）56种,构成了该地区鸟类的主体。在繁殖鸟中,属于古北界的鸟类有43种,占76.79%;属于东洋界的有4种,占7.14%;属于广布种的有9种,占16.07%,这反映出哈巴湖保护区鸟类具有明显的北方型特征。在4种生境中,鸟类多样性指数在灌丛与草地中最大,湖泊与河流明水区以及沼泽与草甸浅水区次之,人工乔木林最小。本次调查所见鸟类中27种为保护区新分布种,其中灰斑鸻（Pluvialis squatarola）、灰瓣蹼鹬（Phalaropus fulicarius）、反嘴鹬（Racurvirostra avosetta）、鸥嘴噪鸥（Gelochelidon nilotica）、黑背白鹊鸰（Motacilla lugens）5种鸟类为宁夏回族自治区鸟类新纪录。本次研究进一步加深了对哈巴湖保护区的鸟类区系组成及各生境多样性的认识。

Combining the Second National Wetland Resources Investigation and the Global Environment Facility-Dryland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Projects.we conducted a field survey of birds in Habahu National Nature Reserve using the fixed radius point count and line transect methods from March 2010 to November 2013.We recorded 79 species of birds representing 14 orders and 28 families.Of these,26 species were resident birds,accounting for 33%of the recorded number of bird species.30 species were summer migrants,accounting for 38%;22 species were migratory birds and accounting for 28%;and 1 species was a winter migrant,accounting for1.3%.We recorded 56 species of breeding birds（including summer migrants and residents）,which constituted the main body of recorded birds.Among the breeding birds,43 species are Palaearctic,accounting for 77%,4 species（7%）are Oriental,and 9 species are widespread,reflecting a northern-type avifauna.Of four habitats,most birds were recorded in shrub-grassland,followed by lake-river,and marsh-shallow water.Fewest birds were recorded in plantation forest.We found 27 previously unrecorded species of birds in this survey,among them,gray plover（Pluvialis squatarola）,gray phalarope（Phalaropus fulicarius）,pied avocet（Recurvirostra avosetta）,gull-billed tern（Gelochelidon nilotica）,and black-backed wagtail（Motacilla lugens）.These 5 species were new bird recordsfor Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The new bird records for Habahu Reserve increased understanding of the geographic distributions of these 27 species of birds.