动物行为与动物园安全管理

Animal Activities and Zoo Safety Management

野生动物的行为是动物与环境相互作用的结果,动物园中动物的行为也反映出动物与相应的由人为提供的环境之间的关系。本文分析了现阶段在动物园圈养人工控制的环境下,动物展现出的有关动物行为如领域行为、攻击行为、交配行为、学习行为、摄食行为、警戒行为和体温调节行为等,以及由这些行为导致的安全问题,并有针对性地提出了在动物管理中相应的防范措施与解决办法。在动物园日常管理工作中,工作人员要熟知动物行为的目的与意义,观察动物行为,及时发现动物的不适与异常,充分掌握与安全有关的动物行为并及时分析,找出可能存在的对动物造成伤害的安全隐患,避免安全事故,给动物提供更舒适安全符合动物生物学特性的环境,同时也是提高动物福利的重要环节。

Wildlife activities are the results of interactions between animals and the environment.Activities of animals in zoo also show the relationships between animals and their man-made environments.We analyzed animal behaviors（e.g.,territoriality,aggression,mating,learning,feeding,vigilance,and body temperature regulation） and safety problems caused by these activities in zoo with man-made environments.We recommended countermeasures and solutions to enhance safety.It is essential for zoo administrators to intimately understand the purpose of the animals,to observe their activities,and to promptly recognize signs of discomfort or abnormity.This will help to initiate safety-related activities,monitor their results,and identify potential safety hazards to the animals.It will also lead to provision of more comfortable and safer environments for them.This is a key point to improve animal welfare as well.