黄淮南片麦区小麦倒春寒冻害成因及预防措施

Genetic Analysis and Countermeasures of Wheat Late-spring-coldness Injury in South Huang-huai Wheat Region

倒春寒冻害是目前影响黄淮南片麦区小麦高产稳产的主要障碍因子之一。为此,分析了黄淮南片麦区小麦倒春寒的成因,提出了相应措施。该区小麦倒春寒发生的时间多在3月中下旬至4月上中旬。引起倒春寒冻害的主要原因有春季干旱、极端冷暖异常天气交替频繁、耕种和栽培管理措施不当、品种耐寒性及耐旱性偏弱等。合理选用小麦品种、科学耕种和栽培管理、春季适时水肥管理、冻害发生后及时追肥浇水是预防和减轻倒春寒危害的有效措施。

The late-spring-coldness injury of wheat is one of the main barrier factors affecting wheat production in South Huang-huai Wheat Region.It often occurs from middle March to middle April.The main factors leading to wheat late-spring-coldness injury in this region include spring drought,extreme changes of cold and warm air temperature,improper culture and management technology,and weak freezing and drought tolerance of wheat varieties.The effective measures to prevent or reduce the coldness injury are：rational use of wheat varieties,scientific cultivation and management,and watering and topdressing timely in spring.