内置式儿童安全座椅侧面碰撞安全性研究

Research on the Side Impact of Built-in Child Safety Seat

建立了一款置于汽车后排中间位置的内置式儿童安全座椅模型,采用MADYMO与LS-DYNA耦合的方法进行仿真计算,并对该模型进行滑车试验验证.首先对无扶手、面式扶手、杆式扶手以及面式扶手及侧翼相结合的4种不同类型的座椅进行侧面碰撞仿真试验,其次对扶手高度不同的座椅模型进行侧面碰撞仿真试验,最后对仿真结果进行对比分析.结果表明,扶手能限制儿童乘员从座垫滑落而有效避免安全带约束儿童颈部造成的窒息死亡,侧翼能有效保护儿童乘员的颈部和胸部,侧翼和扶手组合式儿童安全座椅模型保护效果最好;扶手高度适中的座椅能对儿童乘员提供最好的保护.

A model of a built-in children restraint system was set up. The method of coupling between MADYMO and LS-DYNA was used in simulation and a sled test was adopted to validate this model. First, side impact simulations were carried out respectively for vehicle seat without armrest, with different types of armrests and the combination of armrest and lateral flank. Then, an analysis of the influence of the different heights of armrest for children was done through other side impact simulations. Finally, the simulation results were analyzed. The results show that the armrest can prevent the child occupant from slipping out of the seat cushion so as to avoid suffocation death caused by neck bridled, while lateral flank can protect children＇s neck and chest effectively. Vehicle seat with the Combination of lateral flank and armrest can provide the best protection for children in all types. The results also show that the seat with moderate armrest height can provide the best protection for children.