主轴动平衡和转速对表面粗糙度的影响测试

Influence Test of Spindle's Dynamic Balance and Rotation Speed to Surface Roughness

主轴动平衡是影响主轴径向异步误差的主要因素,进而影响机床加工工件的表面质量。文章设计了一套试验方案,通过对主轴配重孔进行加钉的方式调整主轴的动平衡量。在4种不同动平衡量状态下分别对铝料进行铣削测试,同时采集主轴关键点的振动量,分析了动平衡量对工件表面质量的定量影响。另外,在三种不同转速下铣削铝料,对比了主轴转速和不平衡量对表面粗糙度的影响大小。最后,根据试验和数据分析的结果,给出了机床铣削加工时的建议。

Spindle＇s dynamic balance is a main factor for spindle＇s radial asynchronous error,and then influence workpiece＇s surface quality. In this paper,a set of test plan is designed by adjusting spindle＇s dynamic balance through adding nut bolts in spindle＇s counterweight holes. The milling tests on aluminum workpieces are done respectively for four different dynamic balance condition. At the same time,the vibration of spindle＇s key point is acquired and the quantitative influence of dynamic balance to workpiece＇s surface quality is analyzed. In addition,milling tests on aluminum workpieces are done under three different rotation speeds,influence of spindle＇s dynamic balance and rotation speeds to surface roughness are contrasted. Finally,suggestions for milling are given according to the tests results.