“诗言志”变:抒情的发明——以《诗言志辨》和《诗言志释》为中心的考察

The Evolution of Poetry Speaks the Mind: From Moralization to Emotion

在中国古代文论研究中,范畴研究一直占据主导,命题研究相对处于弱势。但是作为对文学进行整体评判和规约的文论命题,对于把握古代文论的整体特征有着不可替代的作用。在"诗言志"这一中国古代文论"开山的纲领"的研究方面,朱自清以扎实的考据功夫,在《诗言志辨》中还原了其"志""道"合一、"都关政教"的历史语境;身处海外的王文生,同样以扎实的文献梳理为基础,在《诗言志释》中却还原了"诗言志"作为中国抒情传统重要源头的诗学内涵。二者同途而殊归,反映了不同的学术语境对于同一命题的不同发覆,也反映了海外学人在建构中国抒情传统过程中的为抒情而抒情、整一性的"东方想象"等问题。

In the study of Chinese literary theory, compared with the study of literature category, the study on literature topic is weak. But literature topic, like Poetry Speaks the Mind, is a judgement and definition about the whole literature. By means of these literature topics, we can understand the whole literature of Chinese more accurately. In the book of Differentitation of Poetry Expressing Mind, Zhu Ziqing considers that Mind means Moralization. But Wang Wensheng, the famous overseas scholar of Chinese literature, confuted this opinion. In his book Interpretation of Poetry Speaks the Mind, Wang Wensheng deems that Mind means Emotion. From this evolution, we can find that how violent the context of learning has changed the field of vision of the scholars of different ages. On the other hand, we can also find such a fact： in the process of constructing the Chinese lyric tradition, the scholars of overseas Chinese are lost in the trap of lyric for lyric and Orientalism.