基于中心化存储和横向转运的选址——库存联合决策模型

Location-inventory Joint Decision-making Model Based on the Centralized Storage and Lateral Transshipment

针对单一产品、单周期、单一供应商、多配送中心、供应商和需求点位置已知的情况,假定(Q,R)库存检查策略、给定备选地址、无容量约束、各需求点的需求完全独立且均服从正态分布、配送中心级和需求级同时采取中心化安全库存策略、允许配送中心间及同一配送线路内的需求点间通过横向转运对缺货进行瞬间补充、不计缺货成本和转运时间,构建了二层规划模型。上层规划解决选址及需求点的分配问题;下层规划确定配送中心级和需求级的中心化存储方案。发现如果考虑库存持有成本、转运成本等因素的影响,安全库存的集中存放策略并不是聚集在某一个地方,而是在多个地方进行有限、适度的集聚,其成本更低。

Based on the situation of single- product,single- cycle,single- supplier,multi- distribution centers,known suppliers and demand point location,in case of（ Q,R） inventory checking strategy,given alternative location,no capacity constraints,completely independent demands for all demand points which obey normal distribution,centralized storage strategy is taken in both distribution center level and demand point level,stock out will be instantly replenished by lateral transshipment among distribution centers or demand points in the same level,regardless of the storage cost and transit time,the bi level programming model is constructed. The upper level programming can solve the problems of the location and distribution among demand points,and the lower level programming will determine the centralized storage solution of distribution center level and demand point level. Results show that the total cost is lower when safety stock is moderate gathered in limited places than it is centralized gathered in one place if inventory carrying cost and transit cost are considered.