钢球对肥皂靶的撞击试验

Impact test on soap target with steel projectile

为研究投射物对生物体的致伤效应,采用肥皂作为生物体模拟物,开展了Φ3.0mm的钢球高速(0.96和1.88km/s)及超高速(3.52和4.98km/s)撞击肥皂靶的试验,获得了肥皂靶在钢球撞击下的损伤特征及其破坏规律。结果表明:高速试验条件下,钢球对肥皂靶的损伤主要表现为贯穿效果;超高速试验条件下,钢球撞击肥皂靶形成大尺寸半球形弹坑,其对肥皂靶的损伤表现为2个方面:一是大尺寸弹坑导致的"体积移除",二是受超高速撞击的强烈冲击波影响,肥皂靶的破坏区域大于弹坑区域。

In order to study the damage of a biological organism impacted by incident objects, experiments have been carried out using soap to simulate an organism at hypervelocity impact range of Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute,CARDC.In the tests,the soap targets are im-pacted by 3.0mm steel sphere projectile at high velocity conditions of 0.96km/s and 1.88km/s, and hypervelocity conditions of 3.52km/s and 4.98km/s.The characteristics and damage pat-terns of the soap target under test conditions are obtained.It is found that,at high impact veloci-ty,the soap target is perforated by the steel projectile.A long pole perforation is formed at the impact velocity of 0.96km/s and an evase perforation shows up at the impact velocity of 1.88km/s. At hypervelocity impacts （3.52km/s and 4.98km/s）,big hemisphere craters are produced.The damage of the target could be considered in two aspects.On the one hand,the sizable craters produced at hypervelocity impacts lead to direct volume remove.This would bring severe wound to an organism.On the other hand,as a result of the extensive shockwave load,the damage area is larger than the carter zone.Analysis shows that the extensive shockwave load will not only cause serious damage to an organism by direct volume remove,but also cause a damage to putres-cence of tissues,organs,and fractures near the ballistic trajectory of the projectile.