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青年冠心病患者的危险因素分析 被引量:15

Risk factors of coronary heart disease in young patienst
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摘要 目的:分析青年冠心病患者的危险因素。方法对2006年7-12月在阜外心血管病医院进行冠状动脉造影的292例青年患者(≤40岁)的病例资料进行回顾性分析,对比分析冠心病组(217例)和非冠心病组(75例)临床特征及相关实验室检查数据,分析青年冠心病患者的危险因素。结果被调查的292例青年患者中体重指数>24 kg/m^2者占78.8%(230/292),吸烟者71.6%(209/292);饮食习惯中喜油腻饮食者55.5%(162/292)。冠心病组严重吸烟者(吸烟史超过10年,每天吸烟超过20支)的比例高[207.%(45/217)比9.2%(7/75),P=0.015]。与代谢和炎症相关的实验室检查数据分析表明,冠心病组血浆总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、脂蛋白a、尿酸、红细胞沉降率以及大内皮素1水平明显高于非冠心病组[血浆总胆固醇:(4.6±1.5)mmol/L比(4.1±1.0)mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇:(2.4±1.1)mmol/L比(2.1±0.6)mmol/L,脂蛋白a:(135±110)mg/L比(102±58)mg/L,尿酸:(360±100)μmol/L比(337±94)μmol/L,5(2,13)mm/1 h比2(36,)mm/1 h;0.450(0.290,2.510)pmol/L比0.320(0.208,04.75)pmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),高敏C 反应蛋白差异无统计学意义[1.750(0.738,3.755) mg/L比12.80(0.550,2.71)mg/L](P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,吸烟[比值比(OR)=1.89,95%置信区间(CI):17.4~2.05],高血压(O R=1.56,95% CI:1.48~1.65),2型糖尿病(O R=1.37,95%CI:1.25~15.0),高脂饮食(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.28~1.43)和体重指数>24 kg/m^2(OR=1.09,95% CI:1.03~1.17)和有饮酒史(OR=1.37,95% CI:1.30~1.46)的年轻人患冠心病的危险明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论在被调查的年龄≤40岁的青年患者中体重指数>24 kg/m^2,吸烟,饮食习惯中喜油腻饮食比例非常高。青年冠心病患者的血浆血脂、尿酸水平明显异常,反映炎性的指标红细胞沉降率、高敏C反应蛋白和大内皮素1明显升高。吸烟过多、高血压、2型糖尿病、喜油腻饮食和体重指数>24 kg/m^2和饮酒为青年冠心病患者的主要危险因素。 Objective To discuss the risk factors of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) in young patients . Methods The study population included 292 young patients who underwent coronary angiography from July 2006 to December 2006 at Fuwai hospital .According to the coronary angiography , CHD was diagnosed as ≥50%diam-eter stenosis in coronary lumen .There were 217 patients in CHD group and 75 cases with normal coronary lumen in non-CHD group.Clinical data and metabolic characteristics were collected and analyzed .Results More than half of the study subjects had body mass index (BMI) of 〈24 kg/m^2 (230/292,78.8%); current smokers were (209/292,71.6%) and had rich fatty diet (162/292,55.5%).More patients were heavy smokers (smoking his-tory more than 10 years and more than 20 cigarettes per day) in CHD group [20.7%(45/217)vs 9.2%(7/75), P=0.015].The metabolic data analysis showed that total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(LP)a, uric acid (UA) in plasma were significantly increased in CHD group and higher than those in non-CHD group (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01)[TC:(4.6 ±1.5)mmol/L vs (4.1 ±1.0)mmol/L, LDL-C:(2.4 ±1.1)mmol/L vs (2.1 ±0.6) mmol/L,(LP)a: (135 ±110)mg/L vs (102 ±58)mg/L,UA:(360 ± 100)μmol/L vs (337 ±94)μmol/L].Compared with non-CHD group, the ESR and big endothelin-1 were signifi-cantly higher than those in CHD group [5(2,13)mm/1 h vs 2(3,6)mm/1 h;0.450(0.290, 2.510)pmol/L vs 0.320(0.208, 0.475)pmol/L] (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01).hs-CRP had not significant difference between two groups[1.750(0.738, 3.755)mg/L vs 1.280(0.550, 2.71)mg/L](P〉0.05).Multinomial logistic regression showed that significant risk factors (all P〈0.01) included heavy smoking [odds ratio (OR)=1.89, 95%confi-dence interval (CI):1.74-2.05], hypertension (OR=1.56, 95% CI:1.48-1.65),alcohol (OR=1.37, 95%CI:1.30-1.46), diabetes (OR=1.37,95% CI:1.25-1.50), rich fatty diet (OR=1.35, 95%CI:1.28-1.43) and BMI〈24 kg/m^2(OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.03-1.17).Conclusions Young people (age≤40) have a high pro-portion of BMI 〈24 kg/m^2 , current smokers and rich fatty diet .The metabolic characteristics , including TC, LDL-C, LP(a), UA are unusual.ESR, hs-CRP and big endothelin-1 in plasma significantly increase in CHD group.Heavy smoker, hypertension, alcohol, diabetes, rich fatty diet and BMI〈24 kg/m^2 are significant risk fac-tors of CHD in these patients .
出处 《中国医药》 2014年第9期1249-1253,共5页 China Medicine
关键词 冠心病 青年 危险因素 Coronary heart disease Young people Risk factors
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