摘要
目的:分析外科重症监护病房( SICU)中呼吸机相关性肺炎( VAP)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年12月入SICU治疗的应用机械通气>48 h的非心脏手术患者117例,分为VAP组(21例)和非VAP组(91例),分析2组患者的临床资料,应用多元Logistic回归分析VAP的独立危险因素。结果 VAP组和非VAP组在急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ评分、保留气管插管/气管切开时间、确诊VAP前使用抗生素的种类、存在非感染性肺疾患、肺外感染灶、使用2 d以上留置胃管、胃肠内营养、激素使用比例等比较,差异有统计学意义[急性生理和慢性健康评分状况Ⅱ评分:20±8比13±4,保留气管插管/气管切开时间:17(12,29)d比3(2,5)d,使用抗生素的种类:≥3种69.2%(18/26)比9.9%(9/91),<3种30.8%(8/26)比90.1%(82/91),存在非感染性肺疾患:30.8%(8/26)比10.0%(10/91),肺外感染灶:76.9%(20/26)比29.7%(27/91),使用2 d以上留置胃管:96.2%(25/26)比54.9%(50/91),胃肠内营养:61.5%(16/26)比13.2%(12/91),激素使用比例:73.1%(19/26)比14.3%(13/91)](P<0.05或P<0.01)。 VAP组患者休克、肾衰竭、心力衰竭、多器官功能障碍综合征( MODS)发生率高于非VAP组患者, SICU停留时间和住院时间长,病死率高,差异有统计学意义[65.4%(17/26)比17.6%(16/91),50.0%(13/26)比7.7%(7/91),26.9%(7/26)比8.8%(8/91),73.1%(19/26)比6.6%(6/91),23(18,38) d比5(4,8)d,50(34,63)d比28(20,38)d,53.8%(14/26)比2.2%(2/91)](P <0.05或P<0.01)。保留气管插管/气管切开时间、确诊VAP前使用抗生素的种类及使用超过2 d的激素是VAP发生的独立危险因素[比值比(OR)=1.485,95%置信区间(CI):1.157~1.907;OR=17.062,95%CI:1.382~210.591;OR=37.838,95%CI:2.447~585.172]。结论保留气管插管/气管切开时间、应用抗生素种类和激素是VAP发生的独立危险因素。
Objective To analyze the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP) in surgical intensive care unit .Methods Totally 117 non cardiac operative patients under mechanical ventilation over 48 hours were retrospectively studied .The patients were assigned into VAP group and non-VAP group.The clinical profiles of the two groups were collected and the independent risk factors of VAP were analyzed by multivariate lo -gistic regression.Results There was a significant difference between VAP group and non-VAP group in terms of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation scoring (APACHE) Ⅱscore, duration of intubation/tracheotomy, types of antibiotics used before diagnosed VAP , the existence of non-infectious disease , extrapulmonary infection sites, nasogastric tube for more than 2 days, enterable nutrition and hormones [20 ±8 vs 13 ±4, 17(12,29) d vs 3(2,5) d,≥3 kinds 69.2%(18/26) vs 9.9%(9/91),〈3 kinds 30.8%(8/26)vs 90.1%(82/91), 30.8%(8/26)vs 10.0%(10/91), 76.9%(20/26)vs 29.7%(27/91), 96.2%(25/26)vs 54.9%(50/91), 61.5%(16/26) vs 13.2%(12/91), 73.1%(19/26)vs 14.3%(13/91)](P〈0.05 or P〈0.01).Patients in VAP group had statistically more complications (shock, kidney failure, heart failure, high incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), longer ICU stay and hospitalization time and worse prognosis [65.4%(17/26) vs 17.6%(16/91),50.0%(13/26)vs 7.7%(7/91), 26.9%(7/26)vs 8.8%(8/91),73.1%(19/26)vs 6.6%(6/91), 23 (18,38) d vs 5(4,8) d, 50 (34,63) d vs 28(20,38) d, 53.8%(14/26)vs 2.2%(2/91)](P〈0.05 or P〈0.01).Duration of intubation/tracheotomy, types of antibiotics, hormones for more than 2 days were inde-pendent risk factors of VAP [odds ratio (OR) =1.485, 95% confidence interval (CI) :1.157-1.907;OR=17.062, 95%CI:1.382-210.591; OR=37.838, 95% CI:2.447-585.172).Conclusion The study shows that Intubation/tracheotomy duration , type of antibiotics and hormones are the independent risk factors of VAP .
出处
《中国医药》
2014年第9期1301-1305,共5页
China Medicine
关键词
呼吸机相关性肺炎
危险因素
外科重症监护病房
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Risk factors
Surgical intensive care unit