云南省巧家县石漠化区不同治理措施防治水土流失研究

The Restoration Study of Soil and Water Loss of Karsts Rocky Desertification in Qiaojia County of Yunnan Province

以云南省巧家县发拉村坡度约25°的不同石漠化程度的天然草地为研究区,通过封育、免耕补播、人工种草和种植农作物等措施的防治水土流失量和地表径流量、草地生产力及不同降雨量对土壤的冲刷能力等进行了对比研究。结果表明:与种植一年生牧草或传统农作物相比,免耕补播多年生混播牧草和封育产草量较低,但有更好的截流效应,能显著减少地表径流,有效控制水土流失;降雨对土壤的冲刷能力随着降雨量和降雨强度增大而增大;经封育、免耕补播、人工种草等措施后,草地生产力以人工种草最高,免耕补播次之,封育相对较差,但草地生产力受当地降水量及其分配状况影响,恢复效果存在平、丰、歉年差异。

The soil and water loss, surface runoff, the productivity of grassland and different rainfall on soil erosion ability of fencing, no-tillage reseeding, artificial grass and crops were compared at about 25 ？ slopes in Fala Village of Qiao Jia County, Yunnan province. The study area is natural grassland with different rocky desertification. The results showed that the yield of no-tillage reseeding and fenced grass was lower seeding perennial which was compared with cultivated annual forage or traditional crops. And it is also found that the interception effect can significantly reduce the soil erosion and runoff. However, the erosion rate also increased with the increasing of the rainfall and rainfall intensity. The degraded grasslands are improved after the following measures, e.g. fencing, no-tillage reseeding and artificial grassland. Among these measures, the artificial grassland has the best performance, the no-tillage reseeding is better, whereas fencing is the worst. Due to the local precipitation and distribution, the grassland productivity and recovery results might be different.