基于时机理论对急性心肌梗死患者家属不同阶段照护体验的质性研究

Caring experiences of family caregivers in different phases of acute myocardial infarction based on “Timing It Tight” framework: a qualitative study

目的以时机理论为框架,探讨急性心肌梗死(Acute Myocardial Infarction,AMI)患者家属在疾病不同阶段的照护体验。方法采用质性研究中的现象学研究法,对45名处于不同照护阶段的AMI患者家属进行非结构访谈,并以Colaizzi现象学研究法分析资料。结果按时机理论提炼出5个关于AMI患者家属不同阶段照护体验的主题,分别为:1诊断期:应激反应强烈;2PCI围手术期:信息支持不足;3出院准备期:失助感;4调整期:居家照护信心不足;5适应期:积极投入。结论 AMI患者家属在疾病不同阶段的照护体验是动态变化的,医护人员应有针对性地为其提供个性化服务,以增强家庭护理的延续性。

Objective To understand the caring experiences of family caregivers in different phases of acute myocardial infarction（AMI） based on ＂Timing It Right＂ framework. Methods Forty-five family caregivers of patients in different phases of AMI participated in the non-structure interviews. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi＇s phenomeno- logical procedure. Results Based on ＂Timing It Right＂ framework, different caring experiences in five phases of AMI were extracted. They experienced strong stress reaction in the diagnosis period, insufficiency of supports on infor- mation in the perioperative period of pereutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）, sense of helplessness in the discharge preparation period, insufficiency of confidence in home care in the adjustment period after discharge and positive engagement in the adaptation period. Conclusion The family caregivers＇ feelings are different in different phases of AMI. Medical staff should provide personalized services to enhance the continuity of home care.