中国消除能源贫困的政策与行动

Policies and Initiatives for Addressing Energy Poverty in China

能源贫困问题在世界范围内广泛存在,中国同样面临着严峻的挑战。根据能源贫困定义,在中国,为增加用电人口,促进清洁用能,减少居民用能成本,保护居民用能公平做出努力的政策和行动,都可以被认为是促进消除能源贫困工作的相关的政策和行动。根据这一结论,本文对改革开放以来相关的主要政策和行动进行了总结。随着无电人口用电问题逐步得到解决,中国能源贫困问题呈现出新的特征。在未来,中国需要从调节城乡电价差异,统筹区域内、区域间和多品种能源供给关系,积极引进多方投资和保护生态环境等几个方面入手,进一步推进消除能源贫困工作。

Energy poverty has long been considered as a worldwide challenge, and China also suffers from severe problems induced by energy poverty. According to the definition of energy poverty, policies and measures that aim to enhance the electricity accessibility, promote clean energy use, reduce the cost for residential energy use and protect the equity in energy consumption, are all potentially considered as the policies and initiatives for addressing energy poverty. This study reviews the main policies and initiatives for energy poverty mitigation since the Reform and Opening. China has presented itself in new characteristics as the old condition of electricity inaccessibility is partly alleviated. In the future, China needs to take actions in the following aspects： narrow the gap in electricity prices between urban and rural areas; adjust the energy structure; call in private and public investment and protect the ecological environment as well.