草海湿地湖滨带生态现状与修复措施

Current Ecological Situation and Ecological Restoration Measures in the Aquatic-terrestrial Ecotone of Caohai Wetlands

以草海湿地的大中河湖滨区为试验示范区,采用野外调查、室内实验对大中河湖滨带生态现状进行评价。结果表明：由于人为破坏的影响,水生植物的生产量减小,土壤含水量减小,土壤容重变大,土壤保土蓄水的能力下降;水体主要污染因子为TP与COD,TP的浓度范围为0.018 7~0.057 7 mg/L,均值为0.028 7 mg/L,属于Ⅲ类水质;COD的浓度范围为8.3~25.8 mg/L,均值为16.7 mg/L,属于Ⅳ类水质。根据指标Ⅱ类水平超标率分别为：TP为45%、COD为64%,水体污染已经出现富营养化趋势;同时,根据生态系统现状特征实施草海湖滨带生态修复措施。拦截泥沙淤积、固体垃圾和生活污水恢复健康湿地生态系统为最终目的。

Based on the field investigation and laboratory test, the ecological status of aquatic - terrestrial ecotone in the Dazhong fiver of Caohai wetlands was evaluated in current investigation. The results showed that the plant biomass, soil water content and the ability of soil water storage decreased, while the soil bulk density increased due to the man - made destruction. The main pollution factors were TP and COD in the fiver area, and TP concentration ranged from 0. 0187 mg/L to 0. 0577 mg/L with average of 0. 0287mg/L, belonging to class HI. COD concentration varied from 8.3 mg/L to 25.8 mg/L with average 16. 7 mg/L, belonging to class IV. Compared with to the standard of class 1I , the contents of TP and COD exceeded for 45% and 64%, respectively, reflecting the eutrophication trend in Caihai. Meanwhile, the ecological restoration measures should be implemented in Caohai wetlands based on the current status of the ecological characteristics, whose ultimate target was to recovery healthy wetland ecosystem via prohibition of sediment, solid waste and sewage.