驻鲁某部大气和水源污染状况和相关疾病调查

Investigation on contamination status of air and water and related diseases in a troop of Shandong

目的调查掌握驻鲁某部大气和生活饮用水污染现状,为消除营区不良环境因素、改善空气及水源质量提供科学依据。方法按照HJ 664-2013《环境空气质量监测点位布设技术规范(试行)》、HJ/T 194-2005《环境空气质量手工监测技术规范》和GB 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》进行样品的采集、处理和分析,依据GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》和GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》对检测结果进行评价。疾病发病率与同期同类型无环境污染的单位(对照组)进行比较。结果多个位点的总悬浮颗粒物、二氧化硫或氮氧化物的含量超出国家最低标准限值;自来水的pH值、总硬度和溶解性总固体等3项指标超标,地下水的pH值、锰、镉、氯化物和硫酸盐等5项指标超标。与对照组相比,消化系统疾病的发病率为84.17%vs 19.50%(χ2=517.32,P<0.01),呼吸系统疾病的发病率为84.27%vs 29.71%(χ2=326.65,P<0.01),官兵对营区环境的不满意率为86.67%vs 21.35%(χ2=525.03,P<0.01);住院病例消化系统和呼吸系统疾病所占的构成比分别为9.26%vs 8.87%(χ2=0.02,P>0.05)和10.19%vs 9.57%(χ2=0.05,P>0.05)。结论该部大气和水源污染已经对官兵的身体健康产生了明损害,必须立即采取整治措施。

[ Objective] To investigate the contamination status of air and drinking-water in a troop of Shandong, provide scientific evidence for eliminating the adverse environmental factors and improving the quality of air and drinking-water in the troop. [ Methods] According to HJ 664-2013 ＂Technical regulation for selection of ambient air quality monitoring stations （ on trial ） ＂,HJ/T 194-2005 ＂Manual methods for ambient air quality monitoring＂ and GB 5750- 2006 j＇ Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water＂, the samples were collected, detected and analyzed. The results were evaluated according to GB 3095-2012 ＂Standards for Ambient Air Quality＂ and GB 5749- 2006 ＂Standards for Drinking Water Quality＂. The incidence of diseases was compared with that in the same kind of enterprise without environmental pollution at the same time. [ Results ] The contents of total suspended particulate （TSP） , SO2 and NOX in several sites exceeded the national minimum standard limits. The pH, total hardness and total dissolved solids of tap water exceeded the standard, and the pH, Manganese, Cadmium, chlorides and sulfates of ground water exceeded the standard. Compared with the control group, the incidence of digestive system diseases was 84. 17 vs 19. 50% （ χ2 = 517.32, P 〈 0. 01 ） , the incidence of respiratory system diseases was 84. 27 vs 29.71% （ χ2 = 326.65, P 〈 0.01 ） , unsatisfied rate of soldiers on camp environment was 86.67 vs 21.35% [ χ2 =525.03, P 〈0.01 ）, the constituent ratios of digestive system diseases and respiratory system diseases among hospitalized cases were 9.26 vs 8.87% （χ2 = 0.02, P 〉 0.05 ） and 10. 19 vs 9.57% （χ2 = 0.05, P 〉 0. 05 ）. [ Conclusion] The contamination of air and drinking-water has had the obvious damage of soldiers＇ health, the control measures must be taken now.