青少年速度滑冰运动员比赛心理状态的影响因素

Influence Factors on the Juvenile Speed Skaters' Competitive Psychology

在科学化、系统化训练的基础上,良好的心理素质是运动员在比赛中能够充分发挥出技战术水平的前提。结合多年从事训练和比赛的实践经验,综合分析青少年速滑运动员比赛心理状态的影响因素,认为青少年速滑运动员的比赛心理状态主要受到赛场条件、队员生活方式、教练员等客观因素与自我评价、目标定位、动机引导、自信意识、注意力、情绪、意志品质、大脑功能状态等主观因素的影响。针对影响或诱发每个速滑运动员比赛不良心理状态的主导因素,进行个性化的心理干预以及合理的调节是解决他们的心理问题的关键,更是培养青少年速滑运动员形成较强的自我心理调控能力的基础。

On the basis of scientific and systematic training,a good psychological quality is the precondition for an athlete to perform well in competition. With the practical experience of many years training and competition,the paper comprehensively analyzes the influence factors on the juvenile speed skaters＆#39; competitive psychology. It thinks that the objective factors relate to rink condition,lifestyle and coach,the subjective factors relate to self assessment,goal orientation,motivation guidance,self-confidence,attention,mood,volitional quality and brain functional status. Considering the main factors inducing the skaters＆#39; bad psychology in competition,it indicates the key solution is to have personalized mental intervention and reasonable adjustment,which is the basis of developing their well ability of self psychological regulation.