大气环境控制技术在“蛟龙”号载人潜水器上的应用

The application of the atmosphere control technology for the manned submersible Jiaolong

介绍各种类型水下运载器如潜艇、载人深潜器等对载人密闭舱室内大气环境控制的共性要求。针对"蛟龙"号的客观条件,从动力、空间大小、浓度要求等方面分析其对大气环境控制的特殊要求。分析常见的几种密闭环境供氧及二氧化碳吸收技术如物理供氧、电解水、氧烛、超氧化物、一乙醇胺、固态胺、分子筛、碱石灰、氢氧化锂等技术各自的优缺点。在此基础上研制出一套环境控制样机,并将样机随"蛟龙"号载人潜水器进行1 000,3 000,5 000及7 000米级海试。海试的圆满成功进一步证实了样机的有效性。

Inthispapersamerequirementsoftheatmospherecontroltechnologyintheclosedspace at various underwater vehicles, such as submarine and manned submersible, are introduced. Based on the objective conditions of Jiaolong, this paper analyzed the particular demand for the atmosphere control technology from the aspects of power, space size and gases concentration. Several O2 supplying methods and CO2 absorption methods in closed space such as peroxide, physical oxygen supply, water electroanalysis, the potassium chlorate pyrogenation, mono ethanol amine（ MEA） , molecular sieve, solid amine, soda lime and lithium hydroxide are compared. Based on these methods, a suitable atmosphere control technology and a prototype is developed, and the prototype is set up in the cabin of“Jiaolong” . A series of experiments has been achieved in both the South China Sea and the North-East Pacific. The validity of the prototype is approved by these experiments.