元谋干热河谷潜蚀地貌的类型及形成条件

Types and controlling factors of piping landform in Yuanmou dry-hot valley

元谋干热河谷区的潜蚀非常发育,在土壤侵蚀与景观塑造中发育重要作用。基于对元谋干热河谷潜蚀地貌详细的野外考察,首先从动力条件上将潜蚀地貌分成流水型、重力型、流水-重力型;从发育方向上分为横向、竖向与斜向潜蚀地貌;从空间格局上分为孤立型与群聚型潜蚀地貌。然后阐述了潜蚀管道、淘洞、土腔、跌穴、竖井、陷穴、碟形坑及蚀余地貌(包括土桥、穿洞、土柱等)等主要潜蚀地貌的特征。最后讨论了干热河谷特殊的气候条件、土体性质、地质与地层、微地形及植被等对潜蚀地貌发育的影响,土体特性对潜蚀地貌的发育起着决定性作用。对各种潜蚀地貌的地学意义、形态特征、空间格局、形成原因、演化过程、环境响应、水文效应、多条件耦合、区域对比等研究是未来潜蚀地貌研究的主攻方向,潜蚀地貌类型及形成条件的研究将为这些方向提供基础与前提条件。

The piping landforms are well developed in Yuanmou Dry -Hot Valley; it is an important reason for soil erosion and landscape construction. Based on detailed field investigation, piping landforms are classified as type of waterpower - induced, gravity - induced, and equal of waterpower and gravity according to dynamic con- ditions ; types of horizontal, vertical and oblique direction according to development direction ; and types of isola- ted and clustered landform from spatial pattern. Then, the piping landforms such as erosion pipe, washing hole, earth cavity, falling cave, vertical hole, sink hole, dish -shaped cave, and piping residual landscapes （inclu- ding soil bridge, broken hole, soil pillar） are characterized. Development of piping landforms is controlled by the factors of special climatic conditions, soil properties, geology and stratum, micro - topography and vegetation conditions. In the future, the main directions in the field of piping geomorphology focus on geographical significance, morphological character, spatial pattern, cause of formation, evolutionary process, environmental response, multiple coupling and coupled regional comparison, which is based on the classification and controlling factors of piping landforms.