用于锂离子电池的中空无机非金属纳米材料的研究进展

Template-free method for hollow structured nanomaterials and their application for lithium batteries

锂离子电池电极材料在充放电过程中由于锂离子嵌入和脱嵌,电极材料在膨胀和收缩过程中极易粉化而导致电池失效.无机中空纳米材料具有较高的比表面积,可调的空腔体积以及壳层厚度,并且每一个中空颗粒都可以作为一个微反应室,从而增加了反应界面,作为锂电池电极材料,无机中空纳米材料能够适应充放电过程中颗粒的膨胀和收缩,表现出优异的性能.面对传统模板法的局限性,基于Kirkendall效应等新的机理或方法以其操作步骤简单、无模板等优点,有望实现低成本的规模化生产.本文综述了利用Kirkendall效应,Oswald熟化和溶剂热3种机理或方法制备中空无机纳米材料作为锂离子电池电极材料的最新研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.

In the charging and discharging process, intercalation and deintercalation of Li＋ bring about the expansion and extraction of the electrode material, resulting in the electrode materials pulverizing and eventually causing cell performance decay. The relative high surface area, tunable void volume and shell thickness, and every hollow particle of inorganic hollow structured nanomaterials serve as a tiny reaction chamber which increased the reaction interfaces. Inorganic hollow nanomaterials are able to adapt to the volume expansion and contractionduring charging and discharging process, exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance for lithium ion battery. Compared to the traditional method, new mechanisms and methods based on Kirkendall effect etc., possess simple preparation approach and template-free merits which are expected to achieve low-cost mass production. This paper reviews the latest research progress of lithium ion battery electrode materials that are based on the Kirkendall effect, Oswald ripening and solvothermal for the preparation of inorganic hollow nanomaterials. In addition, we introduce briefly application prospects.