人体生物力学模型建立及在汽车安全中的应用

Development of a human biomechanical model and its application in vehicle safety

汽车的发明给人类社会带来了巨大进步和便利,但同时引发的交通事故造成大量的人员伤亡与经济损失.本论文采用医学CT/MRI扫描获得人体主要组织的几何参数,采用有限元仿真分析工具建立人体有限元生物力学模型,结合文献已有的组织材料实验与尸体实验对模型进行仿真验证,模型验证参考了尸体实验数据进行了正面碰撞和侧面碰撞的仿真验证,碰撞中接触力、胸骨位移量、力-位移响应与实验吻合较好.开展了汽车方向盘与胸部碰撞的仿真应用研究,方向盘冲击作用于人体的生物力学响应与损伤特性符合真实事故中的变形规律,能再现肋骨骨折及内脏损伤,模型可应用于汽车碰撞事故中人员的损伤评估研究.

The invention of automobiles has brought great progress and convenience to mankind. However, There are enormous personnel casualties and economic loss arising from traffic accidents every year. In this paper, CT（computed tomography） and MRI（magnetic resonance imaging） image of the human skeleton and internal organs were used to construct the three-dimensional human body finite element biomechanical model. The mechanical properties of the biological tissues in this model were based on test data found in the literature. The model was validated against cadaver responses to frontal and side impact. The predicted model response and injuries reasonably agreed with the experimental data. Simulation study on the collision between steering wheel and chest was performed, and the biomechanical response and the deformation pattern of the human body was obtained, from which the rib fracture and visceral injury mechanism can be reconstructed. The predicted model response reasonably agreed with that the thoracic injury in real-world crashes, and the model can further be used to evaluate thoracic injury in real-world crashes.