水利水电工程建设运行对水生生物的影响与对策

Impacts of operation of hydropower projects on aquatic organisms and mitigation measures

为了协调水利水电工程建设运行与水生生物保护之间的关系,考虑国内外相关研究及实践,从水生生物群落、重要物种、遗传多样性等方面阐述了工程建设运行对水生生物的影响。针对产生的不利影响因素,提出了工程建设运行管理、工程结构改造、生态工程建设等生态补偿工程措施,以及人工增殖放流、栖息地保护与修复等其他生态补偿措施,并建议从流域生态系统整体出发,针对不同区域生态功能和主要保护目标,科学制定流域开发与保护规划,以实现流域生态可持续健康演变。

Based on the related researches and practices, the impacts of construction and operation of hydropower projects on the aquatic organisms are reviewed in the respects of aquatic communities, important species and genetic diversity. In view of the adverse effects and influential factors, the ecological compensation measures are summarized, including project construction and operation management, engineering structure transformation, ecological engineering construction, as well as other measures such as artificial breeding and releasing, habitat protection and restoration. It is suggested that, from the perspective of a whole eco- system of a river basin, a development and protection plan should be formulated scientifically according to the ecological functions and protection targets in different regions of the basin, so as to achieve the sustainable and healthy evolution of ecology of river basin.