覆盖对油茶林地土壤生态环境的影响

Soil ecological environment of Camellia oleifera forest with mulching

采用秸秆和黑地膜2种材料,研究了覆盖处理对油茶林地土壤生态环境的影响.结果表明：覆膜和覆草在低温季节（1～6月和10～12月）,林地温度比对照均表现出高0.02～1.03℃;在高温季节（7～9月）覆草处理比对照低0.1～0.5℃,覆膜表现出稍高,但8月最高气温时还是比对照低;在林地温度日变化中,覆膜和覆草也表现出与季节变化相似的结果;覆草和覆膜对不同土层土壤含水量的增加量都在30％以上,平均值超过60％;覆盖能降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,改善土壤透性,从而提高土壤生产力;覆盖能降低林地抚育管理费,减少林地经营成本,提高经济效益.林地覆盖技术对提高造林成活率、优化土壤理化性状具有重要的作用.

The effects of straw mulching and film mulching on soil eeological environment were studied by taking straw and black mulch as experimental material. Results showed that in low temperature season （January to June and October to December）, film mulching and straw mulching woodland exhibited 0.02 -1.03℃ higher than the control treatment. In high temperature season （July to September）, straw mulching was 0.1-0.5℃ lower than the control treatment, and so was film mulching in August （the highest temperature）, although it showed slightly high. Daily variation of forest land temperature showed similar results with seasonal change. Film mulching and straw mulching increased the amount of soil moisture in different soil layer by more than 30%, with an average of over 60%. Mulching could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity to improve soil permeability, thereby improving soil productivity. Mulching could reduce forest tending management fees and forestland operating costs, thereby improving the economic benefit. Forest mulching technology plays an important role in improving the survival rate of afforestation and optimization of soil physical and chemical properties.