新兴语气副词“真心”探析

A Study on the Emerging Modal Adverb“Zhenxin”(真心)

"真心"从名词演变为形容词,再从形容词演变为副词,经历了一个由实而虚的语法化历程,其演化路径符合汉语词类系统的降类特征。"真心"虚化为副词的动因有两点:一是形容词义和副词义在语义上的关联性;二是形容词和副词作状语这一句法功能上的一致性。"真心"一词在句法和语义上与典型的语气副词"确实、实在"具有高度相似性,因而将其归入语气副词这个词类系统。作为一个新兴的语气副词,"真心"有其特殊的语用价值,即主观评价功能和强烈的情感凸显功能。

The word“zhenxin”（真心）（which means really） first evolves from a noun to an adjective and then to an adverb, under-going a grammatical process from a notional word to a functional one, which conforms to the characteristic of degradation in Chinese sys-tem of part of speech. The word“zhenxin”（真心） degrades to a adverb for two reasons： First is the semantic relevance between adjectives and adverbs. Second is the syntactical consistency of both adjectives and adverbs acting as adverbial modifiers. The word“zhenxin”（真心） is highly similar to the traditional modal adverbs“queshi（确实）, shizai（实在）”, which means actually or really from the perspective of semantics and syntax, which as a result it is classified into the category of modal adverb. As an emerging modal adverb, the word is pro-cessed of special pragmatic value, which is expressing subjective evaluation and conveying highlighted strong emotion.