莫莫格湿地主要生态服务功能动态评价

Dynamic Evaluation of Main Ecological Service Functions in Momoge Wetlands

以地处吉林省西部的莫莫格国家级自然保护区为研究区,选择白鹤（Grusleucogeranus）栖息地承载力、蓄洪和固碳3个湿地主要生态服务功能,对该保护区湿地在2002年、2008年和2013年的主要生态服务功能动态变化进行评价。利用研究区土壤、植被、水文以及白鹤分布等图文数据,结合室内土壤有机碳含量和持水量测试结果,利用Neu法、热量法、蓄洪和固碳等公式对3个湿地生态服务功能进行定量计算。研究结果表明,2002年、2008年和2013年,该保护区白鹤栖息地容纳白鹤的数量为28 400只、2 468只和4904只;食物容纳白鹤的数量分别为24×104只、2.1×10^4只和4.3×10^4只;水体蓄洪量分别为12.35×10^8m3、11.12×10^8m3和8.62×10^8m3;植物固碳量分别为30×104t、17×10^4t和20×10^4t。2002-2008年间,莫莫格国家级自然保护区湿地生态系统的3个主要生态服务功能随湿地的退化而逐渐减弱;2008-2013年间,其3个主要生态服务功能有所恢复,说明湿地保护工作开展得当,湿地退化速度减缓。

The bearing capacity of the habitat of Siberian Crane （Grus leucogeranus）, storage capacity and carbon assimilation were selected as main three ecological service functions of the wetlands in Momoge National Nature Reserve in the west of Jilin province to evaluate the dynamic changes of these functions in 2002, 2008 and 2012. Based on the data of soil, vegetation, hydrology and Siberian crane distribution in the wetlands, combined with the organic carbon content and water holding capacity in indoor soils, the main ecological service functions were calculated quantitatively by formula of Neu method, heat quantity method, flood storage and carbon sequestration in this paper. The results showed the habitat carrying capacity for amount of Siberian Crane in the wetlands were 28 400 individuals, 2 468 individuals and 4 904 individuals; food capacity for that were 24×10^4 individuals, 2.1 ×10^4 individuals and 4.3×10^4 individuals; water＇s storage capacity for that was 12.35 ×10^8 m3, 11.12×10^8 m3 and 8.62×10^8 m3; total quantity of carbon assimilation of plants was 30×10^4 t, 17 ×10^4 t and 20×10^4 t in 2002, 2008 and 2013 respectively. From 2002 to 2008, the main ecological service functions of Momoge National Nature Reserve gradually weakened along with the degradation of the wetlands. Due to the protection, the main ecological service functions of the wetlands in Momoge National Nature Re- serve were gradually restored during 2008-2013.