农村工业结构时空演进及其环境污染效应评价——基于行业污染程度视角

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Rural Industry Pollution Based on Pollution Degree

从行业污染程度的视角对农村工业进行分类,分析农村工业结构变动的时空分异特征,探讨农村工业结构变动对环境影响的机理,构建环境影响指数,定量评价农村工业结构演进的环境污染效应.主要结论如下:①1988-2010年间农村工业轻度污染行业所占比重呈现增加的趋势,而污染行业呈现下降的趋势.研究期内环境影响指数呈现"增长-下降-增长"的变化趋势,2002年以后又逐步呈现增加的趋势.②农村工业结构区域分异特征明显,在省级层面,江苏、山东、浙江、山西、河北、河南、广东、辽宁、上海等省市重污染行业和中度污染占全国重污染行业的比重较多,环境影响指数也都较大.在区域层面上,污染行业也主要集中在东部发达地区,东部地区环境影响指数远远大于中部和西部地区.在环境管理实践中不同的地区应实行差别化的管理政策.

Herein we report the division of rural industry based on the different level of pollution, and the characteristics of spatiotemporal diversity with the evolution of rural industrial structure. Further, we discuss the mechanism of environmental impact and establish environment effect index in order to quantitatively evaluate the environmental pollution effect. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） The proportion of the light pollution rural industries revealed an increasing tendency from 1988 to 2010, accordingly is the decline of the heavy pollution industries. The environmental effect index presents a trend of ＂growth-decline-growth＂, and has been gradually increased since 2002. （2）The construction of rural industries had obviously regional difference between the developed eastern region and mid-west regions. At the provincial level, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Guangdong, Liaoning, Shanghai account for a large proportion of heavy pollution industries and moderate pollution industries, these result in a large values in the environmental effect indexes, which is in complete agreement with the effect of regional level. In conclusion, we think different management measures in different regions should be implemented.