Alzheimer病病因研究进展

Progress of Research on Alzheimer Disease's Aetiology

Alzheimer病 (AD)的主要病变是大脑皮质和皮质下结构出现老年斑和神经原纤维缠结 ,这与神经细胞外的淀粉样蛋白沉着和细胞内的 Tau蛋白过度磷酸化有关 ,也与胆碱能系统活性下降、乙酰胆碱合成减少、胆碱乙酰化酶活性下降密切相关 ,并与之形成恶性循环 ,加剧 AD的恶化。近来研究表明细胞凋亡在 AD神经退行性变方面起重要作用。 AD尤其是家族性 AD的发生与分别定位于 2 1、1 4、1、1 9号染色体上的基因 APP、PS1、PS2、AOPE有关。

The main lesions of Alzheimer Disease (AD) are senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle(NFT) located at cerebral cortex and sub cortex.They are associated with extra cellular accumulation of amyloid β protein (A β) and overphosphorylation of protein tau.These lesions are also correlated with decrease of activity of choline energic system,synthesis of acetylcholine (Ach) and activity of choline acetylase (ChAT).These changes form a vicious cycle and aggravate AD.Recent research exhibits that cell apoptosis probably plays an important role in the development of AD.The development of AD,especially family AD,is associated with the gene APP,PS1,PS2,and AOPE located at chromosome 21,14,1 and 19,respectively.