社会结构与巴岱身份的获得——以兴中村巴岱“过法”仪式为例对特纳理论的检讨

Social Structure and the Gaining of Badai Identity——Reviewing Turner's Theory Based on Sacrificial Rites in Xingzhong Village

兴中村巴岱"过法"仪式的"阈限"期是一种并不具普适性的交融,存在着"反结构"状态的虚无。社会结构的既有结构关系及规范直接决定着仪式中巴岱身份的是否获得以及获得的数量,仪式中象征符号的设置在于一系列规范的强化与沿承,成为带有社会行动的因素,对人们的行为发生影响,以保证社会行动的合法性。分析发现,特纳的仪式理论适用于"存在主义的"阈限期类型,而对于"意识形态的"、"规范的"阈限类仪式,并不适用。

The liminality of Badai sacrificial rite of Xingzhong Village is not a universal blend but an antistructural nihility. The existing structure relationship and norms in social structure will directly decide the gaining of Badai identity and the number of Badai gained in the ceremony. The establishment of symbols in the rite through a series of standard enhancement and inheritance becomes a social action which influences people＇ s behavior and legalizes social action. Through analysis, we find that Turner＇ s ritual theory can be applied to the rites of existential liminality but not to the ones of ideological and standard liminality.