出口与技术创新结构:基于高技术产业的面板分析

Export and Structure of Technology Innovation:A Panel Data Analysis of High-tech Industry

技术创新结构是指创新资源在产品创新、工艺创新、技术引进和消化吸收四种创新行为间的配置关系,创新结构的合理化和高级化是不断提升自主创新能力的重要影响因素。本研究以出口为主线,采用数理建模和面板回归的方法,研究出口、市场规模、人力资本、市场结构、所有制结构等因素对高技术产业创新结构演化的影响,研究表明:出口在现阶段对高技术产业创新结构高级化有一定的阻碍作用;需求因素在创新结构高级化,尤其是对产品创新主体地位的提升有重要影响;人力资本不足是我国当前轻视消化吸收的重要原因;大企业更倾向于产品创新,对建立自主创新系统比较积极;与外资企业相比,国有及国有控股企业比较热衷于短期效应明显的工艺创新和技术引进,这也是技术创新结构高级化的障碍。

The structure of technology ships through which innovation resources tion, process innovation, technology import innovation is the proportional relationare distributed among product innova- and technology absorption. Rationalizing and upgrading the structure of technology innovation is an important means to continu- ously promote independent innovation capacity. Taking export as the main research thread, adopting mathematics models and the panel regression method as instruments, this paper investigates how export, market scale, human capital, market structure and ownership structure influence the innovation structure of high technology industry. The findings suggest that： at the present stage, export has some negative effect on the upgrading of the innovation structure of high technology industry; the demand factor has a significant positive effect on the upgrading, especially on promoting the dominant position of product innovation; deficiency of human capital is the main reason for China＇ s insufficient attention to technology absorption; and, larger firms are more prone to product innovation and more active to build their own innovation system; also, compared with foreign enterprises, state-owned and state holding enterprises are more concerned with the short-term effect of process innovation and technology import, which is also an obstacle for the upgrading process of China＇ s technology innovation structure.